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疼痛甩尾主要是用于測量大、小鼠尾巴部受紅外熱刺激的痛覺閾值。實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，當(dāng)動物感覺疼痛，尾巴會輕敲臺面，內(nèi)置傳感器會立刻檢測到，停止計(jì)時(shí)和關(guān)閉光源，即儀器自動記錄反應(yīng)時(shí)間和光源強(qiáng)度。數(shù)據(jù)可通過閃存、USB數(shù)據(jù)線等導(dǎo)出。

命令：	軟鍵和腳踏板		連接電腦：	DELTA 9-pin連接頭，USB連線
數(shù)據(jù)讀?。?/strong>	液晶顯示		電源：	universal mains 85-264 VAC, 50-60Hz
打印：	微型熱敏打印機(jī)（需另外購買）		工作溫度：	15° - 30° C
開始：	紅外開關(guān)		聲級：	< 70 dB
紅外強(qiáng)度：	10-99級間可調(diào)		紅外光源燈泡：	Halogen "Bellaphot", Mod. 64607 OSRAM, 8V-50W
反應(yīng)時(shí)間：	液晶屏顯示，分辨率為0.1s		校準(zhǔn)：	紅外熱輻射計(jì)（需另外購買）
截止時(shí)間：	預(yù)置，15 - 60 s間

特征	優(yōu)點(diǎn)
儀器自動記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)	精度高，避免人為因素引起的誤差
包含U盤和軟件	可獨(dú)立工作，也可連接電腦使用
儀器工作臺表面無突出和遮擋物件	操作方便，實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)性好

方法

- F.E. D’Amour & D.L. Smith: "A Method for Determining Loss of Pain Sensation." J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 72: 74-79, 1941.

- T.O. Lilius et alia: "The Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Spironolactone Enhances Morphine Antinociception” Eur. J. of Pain online view, 2013

- J.W. Little et alia: “Spinal Mitochondrial-Derived Peroxynitrite Enhances Neuroimmune Activation During Morphine Hyperalgesia and Antinociceptive Tolerance” Pain 154 (7): 978-986, 2013

- P.J. McLaughlin et alia: “Behavioral Effects of the Novel Potent Cannabinoid CB1 Agonist AM 4054”Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 109: 16-22, 2013

- T.A. Kosten et alia: “A Morphine Conjugate Vaccine Attenuates the Behavioral Effects of Morphine in Rats” Progr. in Neuro-Psychopharmacol. and Biol. Psychiatry 45: 223–229, 2013

- T.C. Chen et alia: “Spontaneous inflammatory Pain Model From a Mouse Line With N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea Mutagenesis” J. Biomed. Science 19 (55): 2–15, 2012

- J. Walsh et alia: “Disruption of Thermal Nociceptive Behaviour in Mice Mutant for the Schizophrenia-Associated Genes NRG1, COMT and DISC1” Brain Res. 1348: 114-119, 2012

- K. Guillemyn et alia: “In vivo Antinociception of Potent mu Opioid Agonist Tetrapeptide Analogues and Comparison with a Compact Opioid Agonist-neurokin 1 Receptor Antagonist Chimera” Molecular Brain5 (4): 2-11, 2012

- A.J. Morrison et alia: “Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationships of indole-3-heterocycles as Agonists of the CB1 Receptor” Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21: 506-509, 2011

- M. Spetea et alia: “In vitro and in vivo Pharmacological Profile of the 5-benzyl Analogue of 14-methoxymetopon, a Novel μ Opioid Analgesic with Reduced Propensity to Alter Motor Function” Eur. J. Pharmac. Sciences 41: 125-135, 2010

- C.A. Boehm et alia: “Midazolam Enhances the Analgesic Properties of Dexmedetomidine in the Rat”Vet. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 37 (6): 550-556, 2010

- M.A. Philips et alia: “Myg1-Deficient Mice Display Alterations in Stress-Induced Responses and Reduction of Sex-Dependent Behavioural Differences” Behav. Brain Res. 207: 182-195, 2010

- C. Dawson et alia: “ Dexmedetomidine Enhances Analgesic Action of Nitrous Oxide” Anesthesiology 100 (4): 894?904, 2004

- P. Tolu et alia: “ Effects of Long-Term Acetyl-L-carnitine Administation in Rats: I. Increased Dopamine Output in Mesocorticolimbic Areas and Protection Toward Acute Stress Exposure” Neuropsychopharmacol. 27 (3): 410-420, 2002

- R. Nadeson et alia: “ Potentiation by Ketamine of Fentanyl Antinociception. I. An Experimental Study in Rats Showing that Ketamine Administered by Non-Spinal Routes Targets Spinal Cord Antinociceptive Systems” Br. J. Anaesthesia 88 (5): 685?691, 2002

- L. Jasmin et alia: “ The NK1 Receptor mediates Both the Hyperalgesia and the Resistance to Morphine in Mice Lacking Noradrenaline” PNAS 99 (2): 1029?1034, 2002

- G.L. Fraser et alia: “ Antihyperalgesic Effects of Opioid Agonists in a Rat Model of Chronic Inflammation” Br. J. Pharmacol. 129: 1668?1672, 2000

- M. Xu et alia: “ Effects of Radolmidine, a Novel α2- Adrenergic Agonist Compared with Dexmedetomidine in Different Pain Models in the Rat” Anesthesiology 93 (2): 473?481, 2000

-  A. K?ster et alia: “Targeted Disruption of the Orphanin Fq/Nociceptin Gene Increases Stress Susceptibility and Impairs Stress Adaptation In Mice” Neurobiology 96 (18): 10444-10449, 1999

- I. Sora et alia: “Opiate Receptor Knockout Mice Define μ Receptor Roles in Endogenous Nociceptive Responses and Morphine-Induced Analgesia” Neurobiology 94: 1544-1549, 1997

- C.T. Dourish et alia: "The Selective CCK-B Receptor Antagonist L-365,260 Enhances Morphine Analgesia and Prevents Morphine Tolerance in the Rat" Europ. J. Pharmacol. 176: 35-44, 1990

- P.W. Nance & J. Sawinok: "Substance P-Induced Long-Term Blockade of Spinal Adrenergic Analgesia: Reversal by Morphine and Naloxone" J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. Vol. 240, No. 3: 972-977, 198